A metal spoon left in a hot drink can become warm even when only one end is touching the liquid. A metal pan heats across …

Understanding how material properties govern surface interaction and performance.

A metal spoon left in a hot drink can become warm even when only one end is touching the liquid. A metal pan heats across …

Rain lands on a waterproof fabric, forms small drops, and often rolls away instead of disappearing into the material. A towel behaves very differently. Water …

Sandpaper looks simple. A small sheet with a rough surface can change the appearance and shape of wood, paint, plastic, or other materials in a …

Plastic often looks unchanged for a long time. A storage box can sit on a shelf for years. A flexible lid can be opened and …

A running shoe can feel soft when pressed by hand, yet that softness alone does not explain why it feels different when a foot lands …

Grease seems simple enough. A little cooking oil lands on a countertop, a greasy hand touches a cabinet, or oil splashes onto a tool. A …

Water can look almost perfectly flat when viewed from a distance. A quiet pond may appear like a sheet of glass, while water in a …

Industrial equipment does not operate in an ideal environment. Water may splash onto a machine during cleaning. Outdoor structures have to deal with rain, dust, …